Alternate traffic restriction (ATR) schemes manage traffic congestion by prohibiting a proportion of cars from entering a predetermined ATR area during specific time periods. Under the ATR scheme, Park-and-Ride (P&R) often becomes more popular as travelers can park cars at P&R facilities and avoid driving into the ATR area. This paper proposes a multi-objective bi-level model that jointly optimizes the P&R facility locations and the ATR scheme (the ATR areas and the proportion of restricted private cars). The upper-level model minimizes the total travel cost and total emission cost, and maximizes consumer surplus. The lower-level model characterizes the user equilibrium of travel modes and route choices. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is adapted to solve the proposed multi-objective bi-level model, where a gradient project algorithm is used for solving the lower-level model. Numerical studies are conducted to test and illustrate the applicability of the model and algorithms.


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    Title :

    Joint optimisation of park-and-ride facility locations and alternate traffic restriction scheme under equilibrium flows


    Contributors:
    Xu, Guangming (author) / Chen, Yanqin (author) / Liu, Wei (author)


    Publication date :

    2023-05-27


    Size :

    30 pages




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    Unknown