Basierend auf dem integrierten Belastungs- und Beanspruchungskonzept nach Rohmert wurde evaluiert, inwiefern sich der Einsatz des 'Head-Up-Guidance-Systems' (HGS) 2100 auf die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion im Vergleich zum automatischen System des Flugzeugtyps Bombardier CRJ200 während der Landeanflugphasen auswirkt. Dazu wurde einem polygraphischen Meßkonzept folgend eine kognitive Tätigkeitsanalyse und eine Blickbewegungsanalyse basierend auf einer Systemanalyse durchgeführt. Besonders scheinen sich beim Einsatz des HGS die Belastungsniveauunterschiede und -Steigungen kurz vor dem Aufsetzen, bei Eintreten des Systemfehlers und beim Einleiten des Go-Around- Manövers zu vermindern. Die Beanspruchungen und die Qualifikation der Piloten korrelieren nur bei Einsatz des Autopilot- Systems und erreichen erst ab einem mittleren Erfahrungsgrad das Beanspruchungsniveau für HGS-Landeanflüge. Das Situationsbewußtsein wird bei HGS-Einsatz höher eingestuft.
Based on Rohmert's integrated stress-strain concept this thesis analyzes how the semi-automatic flight guidance display system 'Head-Up Guidance System' (HGS) Model 2100 affects the human-machine interaction and in particular the stress, strain, situational awareness and the pilot's attention compared to the autolandsystem of the Bombardier CRJ200 during the approach in different flight situations. Based on a systems analysis these indicators were determined within a cognitive task analysis and by an eye movement analysis following a polygraphic measuring concept. For HGS approaches, the differences and increases of the stress levels seem to be lower shortly before touchdown, during the occurrence of a system error and while initiating a go-around. The strain and the increasing pilots' qualification correlate during autoland approaches only. Only for pilots with an intermediate level of qualifications does the level of strain during autoland approaches adapt to the level of strain during HGS approaches. According to the pilots' rating, the use of the HGS improves the situational awareness. Based on these results the design of the HGS was optimized by integrating system status information and improved energy state awareness. The semi-automatic flight guidance display system 'Head-Up Guidance System' (HGS) Model 2100 was developed to minimize the 'ironies of automation' and to enhance flight safety, especially during the critical final approach. Systems like this were designed to keep pilots 'in the loop' through a lower level of automation and to improve situational awareness through the 'head-up'-flight guidance. In this thesis, written at the Institute of Ergonomics of the Darmstadt University of Technology, both flight guidance systems of the Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet CRJ200 are evaluated under normal, abnormal and go-around flight situations. Based on Rohmert's integrated stress-strain concept, the humanmachine interaction and in particular the stress, strain, situational awareness and pilot's attention are analyzed. The system model, developed from a systems analysis, is used as the basis of the following measuring concept: within a cognitive task analysis seven measured quantities of stress (task elements, fligth path, design, illumination, complexity, levels of control of human actions and the change between the levels) and the environment are determined.
Head-Up-Guidance-Systeme und Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion
Head-Up Guidance Systems and human-machine interaction
Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft ; 60 , 2 ; 107-121
2006
15 Seiten, 13 Bilder, 29 Quellen
Article (Journal)
German
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