A recently completed program was developed to evaluate ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels and passive diesel particle filters (DPF) in several different truck and bus fleets operating in Southern California. The primary test fuels, ECD and ECD-1, are produced by ARCO, a BP company, and have less than 15 ppm sulfur content. A test fleet comprised of heavy-duty trucks and buses were retrofitted with one of two types of catalyzed diesel particle filters, and operated for one year. As part of this program, a chemical characterization study was performed in the spring of 2001 to compare the exhaust emissions using the test fuels with and without aftertreatment. A detailed speciation of volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitro-PAH, carbonyls, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorodibenzo-p-furans (PCDF), inorganic ions, elements PM10, and PM2.5 in diesel exhaust was performed for a select set of vehicles. The testing was carried out on four diesel vehicles and two compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, using a representative California diesel fuel, ECD-1, and ECD, all with and without DPFs. One diesel vehicle was also tested with Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel. The CNG vehicles were tested using motor vehicle-grade compressed natural gas. Results presented in this paper provide vehicle emissions profiles for total particulate matter (TPM), PM10 and PM2.5, inorganic ions, elements, and VOCs. Ethene, C2-C5 olefins, BTEX, and benzene have been highlighted due to their high reactivity or toxicity for the diesel and CNG vehicles. Additional speciated exhaust emissions will be published in a future paper. The TPM and particle-bound element emissions are greatly reduced on vehicles equipped with aftertreatment devices and the CNG vehicles. The DPFs effectively reduce the light olefins and EC/OC. Emissions of particle-bound inorganic ions are very low for all vehicles, regardless of fuel/aftertreatment.


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    Title :

    Chemical speciation of exhaust emissions from trucks and buses fueled on ultra-low sulfur diesel and CNG


    Contributors:
    Lev-On, M. (author) / LeTavec, C. (author) / Uihlein, J. (author) / Thompson, G.J. (author) / Gautam, M. (author) / Wayne, S. (author) / Zielinska, B. (author) / Sagebiel, J. (author) / Chatterjee, S. (author) / Hallstrom, K. (author)


    Publication date :

    2002


    Size :

    22 Seiten, 25 Bilder, 12 Tabellen, 12 Quellen




    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




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