The development of automotive systems shows an increasing integration of electronic sensors, microcomputers and actuators for single components, engine, drive-chain, suspensions and brakes. After considering electronic driver assisting systems such as ABS (Antilock Brake System), TCS (Traction Control System), ASR, ESP (Electronic Stability Control System), BA (Brake Assistant) the developments towards drive-by-wire systems with and without mechanical, or hydraulic backup are considered. Drive-by-wire systems consist of an operating unit (steering wheel, braking pedal) with an electrical output, a haptic feedback to the driver, bus systems, microcomputers, power electronics, and electrical actuators. For their design safety integrity methods like reliability, fault tree, hazard analysis and risk classification are required. Different fault tolerance principles with various forms of redundancy are considered resulting in fail-operational, fail-silent and fail-safe systems. Fault-detection methods are discussed for use in low-cost components. This is followed by some principles for fault-tolerant design of sensors, actuators and communication. A brake-by-wire system with electronic pedal and electrical brakes is then considered in more detail showing the design of the components and the overall architecture. An outlook then shows the further development of drive-by-wire systems.
Fault-tolerant drive-by-wire systems - concepts and realizations
Fehlertolerante, elektronische Fahrzeugsteuerung nach dem Prinzip drive-by-wire - Konzepte und Realisierungen
2000
15 Seiten, 19 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 51 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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