NASA's planned Mars exploration missions will require that cryogenic propellants be manufactured on the surface. The present scenario calls for oxygen and methane gases to he produced using the carbon dioxide atmosphere plus seed hydrogen brought from Earth. Gases will require liquefaction for both storage on the Martian surface and for use in the ascent vehicle. The planned liquefaction rates range from 12.6 g/hr of oxygen for the 2003 robotic mission to 2500 g/hr for the later human missions. This paper presents the results of a nitrogen liquefaction demonstration using a commercially available cryocooler. The experiment was set up to liquefy nitrogen gas instead of oxygen to limit laboratory safety concerns. A nitrogen gas condensor, attached to the cooler's cold tip, was sized to liquefy up to 42 gN2/hr at the intended storage pressure (0.2 MPa). The experiment was conducted inside an atmospheric, air-filled, refrigerated chamber simulating the average Martian daytime temperature (240 K). In this demonstration a liquefaction rate of 9.1 gN2/hr was realized, which is equivalent to 13 gO2/hr.
A Liquefier for Mars Surface Propellant Production
1999 Cryogenic Engineering and International Cryogenic Materials Conference ; 1999 ; Montreal, Canada
1999-01-01
Preprint
No indication
English
Liquefier for Mars Surface Propellant Production
NTIS | 1999
|NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIER DESIGN METHOD AND NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIER
European Patent Office | 2020
|In Situ Propellant Production on Mars
AIAA | 2005
|