The paper reviews the studies of induced demand for travel that have been carried out to date. These studies indicate that induced demand for travel is a real phenomenon and needs to be better accounted for in transportation planning models forecasting levels of congestion and air quality and land use impacts. The interconnectivity between highways, land use and air quality is increasingly being recognized by local, regional, state and federal agencies. However, research indicates that current models fail to recognize the complexity of this interconnection and often underestimate expected levels of congestion and air pollution. As researchers, policymakers, public officials and the public-at-large struggle to understand the relationship between transportation development, land use, and quality of life changes for the affected areas, induced travel demand emerges as one of the most contentious issues. Understanding what the research says about this phenomenon is critical to making the best possible transportation infrastructure investments.


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