Parking a vehicle in traffic dense environments often leads to excess time of driving in search for free space which leads to congestions and environmental pollution. Lack of guidance information to vacant parking spaces is one reason for inefficient parking behaviour. Smart parking sensors and technologies facilitate guidance of drivers to free parking spaces thereby improving parking efficiency. Currently, no such sensors or technologies is in use for open parking lot. This study reviews the literature on the usage of smart parking sensors, technologies, applications and evaluates their applicability to open parking lots. Magnetometers, ultrasonic sensors and machine vision were few of the widely used sensors and technologies on closed parking lots. However, this study suggests a combination of machine vision, convolutional neural network or multi‐agent systems suitable for open parking lots due to less expenditure and resistance to varied environmental conditions. Few smart parking applications show drivers the location of common open parking lots. No application provided real‐time parking occupancy information, which is a necessity to guide them along the shortest route to free space. To develop smart parking applications for open parking lots, further research is needed in the fields of deep learning and multi‐agent systems.
Smart parking sensors, technologies and applications for open parking lots: a review
IET Intelligent Transport Systems ; 12 , 8 ; 735-741
2018-10-01
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
multiagent systems , multi‐agent systems , smart parking sensors , smart parking applications , convolutional neural network , parking efficiency , ultrasonic sensors , computer vision , real‐time parking occupancy information , traffic dense environments , deep learning , open parking lot , magnetometers , learning (artificial intelligence) , environmental pollution , ultrasonic devices , feedforward neural nets , environmental conditions , machine vision , intelligent sensors , guidance information , congestions , intelligent transportation systems , traffic information systems
Smart parking sensors, technologies and applications for open parking lots: a review
IET | 2018
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