This chapter covers discrete‐time state observers, which are used to estimate the state variables of deterministic systems based on inputs and outputs. Regarding the order of the observer as a dynamic system and the order of the main system, two classes of observers are defined, namely, full‐ and reduced‐order observers. Four different observers are investigated in this chapter. After studying the Luenberger observer, which is used to estimate the states of linear systems, the extended Luenberger‐type observer is presented, which is applicable to nonlinear systems. Then, the sliding‐mode observer is discussed. A sliding‐mode realization of a reduced‐order asymptotic observer is provided based on the equivalent control approach. Finally, the unknown‐input observer is presented that handles systems, which are affected by uncertain disturbances and faults.


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    Title :

    Observers


    Contributors:

    Published in:

    Publication date :

    2022-04-12


    Size :

    11 pages




    Type of media :

    Article/Chapter (Book)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English




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