Formal methods' denotes mathematical techniques making it possible to perform a formal mathematical proof of the compliance - or non-compliance - of a system to its specification. We discuss the views of the Swedish National Rail Administration on the use of formal methods to increase safety and reliability of safety-critical signalling systems. As a study, a formal requirements specification for interlockings has been developed, and an existing relay-based interlocking of a common design has been modelled and analysed. The analysis uncovered a safety-critical design error which had not been discovered using the traditional methods of quality assurance.


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    Using formal methods for quality assurance of interlocking systems

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