Buried pipelines operating at high temperatures and pressures experience extreme compressive loads due to the axial restraint of the soil. The high axial forces combined with imperfections in the seabed may overstress the pipeline or result in upheaval buckling. Typically, expansion loops or dog legs are placed to protect the risers from expansion and to alleviate the axial force. Expansion loops, however, are virtually ineffective when buried due to the lateral restraint of the soil. Alternative methods to reduce expansion may increase the potential of upheaval buckling or overstressing the pipeline. Therefore, a system design must be performed considering the issues of expansion and upheaval buckling together. This paper discusses methods of prevention and control of expansion and upheaval buckling, evaluating the impact on the overall system. A design and construction process is presented that illustrates the steps taken to the final design which utilized buried, enclosed expansion loops to resolve both the expansion and upheaval buckling issues.
System design for buried, high temperature and pressure pipelines
1998
7 Seiten, 3 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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