For driving simulation not only inertial and visual feedback are very important in order to achieve a sufficient immersiveness of the simulator user, but also acoustical feedback. Typical sounds to be simulated are those produced by engine, tires and other elements of the vehicle, wind noise, sound emitted by other vehicles and ambient noise (background sound). First experiments showed that the simulation of vibration components is also very important for the simulation of driving a car as well as riding a motorcycle. Concerning the air-borne sound, the direct sound-wave and the first reflections at virtual objects have to be realized. In general all objects including the active sound sources are allowed to move around in the virtual environment all the time. A high update rate is necessary to avoid audible steps in the object's movements: A multiprocessor architecture provides sufficient calculation power to meet the requirements of real-time spatialization of all acoustical relevant objects in terms of latency and update rate. The virtual vehicle on one hand and some of the environmental objects, e.g. other vehicles, on the other hand should be able to move virtually with high velocity. To get a realistic impression of those movements it is necessary to consider the Doppler-shift for each direct sound or reflection. The Doppler-shift is realized by a time warping algorithm which has to be included separately in the signal simulation pathes for each sound source resp. reflection because for each reflection the Doppler-shift may be different. Concerning the way of sound reproduction the best results can be achieved using headphones. For motorcycle riding simulations the headphones can be integrated into the helmet. For driving simulators, however, headphones may not be acceptable. A loudspeaker arrangement consisting of four loudspeakers supported by a subwoofer system can be used for that application. A typical solution is illustrated by the acoustical feedback system designed within the Europen project MORIS.
Acoustical feedback system for virtual vehicles
Akustisches Rückkopplungssystem für virtuelle Fahrzeuge
1997
10 Seiten, 7 Bilder, 8 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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