In electric vehicles the type of energy source is a compromise between some contradicting demands. Peak performance and high regeneration of energy needs an energy source with high power capacity, and for long distance operation at constant speed, a high energy storage is needed. The investigated design uses two energy sources, a super-capacitor for high power output and an ordinary lead-acid battery for energy output. The energy sources are connected in parallel via converters to the drive system of the vehicle. The control system of the converter is based on an inner, faster, control loop with dead-beat control. The outer, slower, control loop balances the energy between the super-capacitors and the lead-acid batteries. The super-capacitors handle the kinetic and potential energy. The lead-acid batteries handle the energy consumption. During the laboratory tests, drive cycles ECE 15, FTP72 and US Highway for Volvo 850 and ISO 8714-1 for a bus have been used. These cycles have been used to determine control parameters, the size of the super-capacitors and the maximum allowed power output from the lead-acid batteries. The standard drive cycles must be used with caution as headwind and hills are not easily simulated, the same goes for vehicles with higher output power.
Laboratory tests on a control system for a super-capacitor to be applied in an electric vehicle
Laboruntesuchungen des Steurungssystems für den Superkondensator im Elektrofahrzeug
1995
11 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 8 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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