The survey discusses two related major areas of hypersonic flow research. Both topic areas are central to the study of highly nonequilibrium flow physics and aerothermodynamics that are important in atmospheric re-entry and for sustained hypersonic flight. The basic physics and fluid dynamics, however, are also important in other areas that are not discussed, such as scramjet engines and ram accelerators. The first topic focused on the description of the internal state of diatomics, particularly air or its reactive derivatives. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, uncertainty still remains in modelling the intermolecular and internuclear potentials as well as inelastic collisions. Radiative processes are also still uncertain. These difficulties remain as obstacles to adequate quantitative predictions of heat transfer and skin friction. As has been pointed out, the internal states at high temperature not only significantly affect the internal energy of the flow but may have additional 'realgas' effects, such as altering the transport properties. The affects, in turn, make the high-temperature prediction of flow instability and turbulence transition uncertain. Progress has been made in the modeling of viscous, rarefied hypersonic flow, which also involves a significant degree of translational nonequilibrium. At sufficiently high relative speed, the gas may be chemically reactive and possess nonequilibrium internal modes, as many DSMC air calculations have indicated. Again, there is no shortage of unresolved critical issues involving nonequilibrium flow physics and their modeling strategies. The pace of progress in both topic areas is limited, to a large extent, by the difficulty in obtaining experimental data. Here, too, progress is being made in high-enthalpy flow simulations, as well as nonequilibrium gas-state diagnostics in low-density hypersonic flows.


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    Title :

    Perspective on hypersonic nonequilibrium flow


    Additional title:

    Ausblick zum Thema hypersonische-Nichtgleichgewichtsströmung


    Contributors:
    Cheng, H.K. (author) / Emanuel, G. (author)

    Published in:

    AIAA Journal ; 33 , 3 ; 385-400


    Publication date :

    1995


    Size :

    16 Seiten, 8 Bilder, 164 Quellen




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




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