The results of an evaluation of variations in on-orbit external heating of spacecraft surfaces are presented. The analyzed time-varying components are the direct solar, the latitude-dependent shortwave reflected, and the latitude-dependent longwave planetary emitted-radiation. Differences in instantaneous heating rates at a given latitude among the different model environments are found to be much larger than are differences in orbital mean heating rates. The discrepancies are found to increase with the orbit inclination angle. The ratio of northern hemisphere winter-to-summer orbital mean heating rates for a nadir-facing node is near unity and shows only a slight dependence on large variations in node absorptance. Mean orbital albedo and emission values for low-inclination orbits are found to differ significantly from global values obtained in meteorological studies. Algorithms relating mean orbital albedos and emissions to orbit inclination are developed. The relative importance of more realistic nondiffuse over diffuse reflections is evaluated for spacecraft heating and found to be negligible. The Sun-spacecraft-Earth angular configuration is such that, for reception of the peak intensities in the nondiffuse reflectance angular distribution, the albedo heating rate is more than adequately suppressed by an extremely small view factor from the spacecraft to the sunlit 'crescent' Earth.


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    Title :

    Spacecraft external heating variations in orbit


    Additional title:

    Aenderungen der aeusseren Erwaermung eines Raumfahrzeuges in der Umlaufbahn


    Contributors:

    Published in:

    AIAA-Papers ; Jun ; 1-9


    Publication date :

    1987


    Size :

    9 Seiten, 17 Bilder, 6 Tabellen, 7 Quellen


    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English





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