There are two modes of operation for an aluminium/water battery; the use of hydrogen-evolving or oxygen-reduction cathodes. In the first case, the current density is approximately 10 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V. This leads to a significant increase of pH and deposition of Ca/Mg(OH)2 at the cathode, leading to a sharp decrease in battery performance. On the other hand, in the oxygen-reduction mode, the current density is approximately 0.1 mA cm-2 at 1.4 V, because of the low concentration of O2 in seawater. Long-term tests of an Al/water battery using Teflon-bonded Co3O4/C oxygen reduction cathodes in Brightlingsea Harbour, Essex, UK, over a test period of 70 days have shown that the performance of this battery is stable and that it is possible to increase its performance by means of multi-cathodes on either side of the anode. A conceptual design shows that such a battery has an energy density of 1008 Wh kg-1 over an operating period of one year, significantly higher than all the conventional primary batteries considered for use in sub-sea environments.
Development of an aluminium/sea water battery for sub-sea applications
Entwicklung einer Aluminium-Seewasser-Batterie für Untersee-Anwendungen
Journal of Power Sources ; 47 , 1-2 ; 119-127
1994
9 Seiten, 15 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Development of an aluminium-sea water battery for sub-sea applications
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