The Soviet launch vehicles consist of six basic designs carrying a wide variety of upper stages. They provide the capability for scientific, civil and military applications. The specific applications of each operational booster class show the standardisation of Soviet booster operations. The expense of Soviet launch operations has been the subject of major dispute among Western analysts. A long history of launching has driven initial development costs to zero, while annual sustaining engineering costs are shared across a large population of launchings.
Tracking the booster gap (Soviet space launch capabilities)
Raumraketentechnik der Sowjetunion
Defense Electronics ; 20 , 5 ; 83-90
1988
Article (Journal)
English
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