To deal with global warming and maintain the harmonious relationship between people and the nature, low-carbon city and transportation have become the important strategies of sustainable development. Carsharing is a new means of transportation in China, and some research has indicated that it holds considerable benefits to both society and environment. In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) has become the trend of automotive industry and some EV carsharing programs have been launched; therefore, it is necessary to study their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts on cities. By comparing traditional carsharing with EV carsharing, the authors analyze the households’ travel behaviors before and after participating in EV carsharing, which are described by 12 travel behavior parameters. Adding three energy consumption parameters and three emission parameters, the authors propose a calculation model for the GHG emission impacts of EV carsharing. The impacts on low-carbon cities and transportation can be assessed based on this model after acquiring specific data of those parameters by conducting questionnaire surveys, recording with instruments, or referring to research papers. Before participating in EV carsharing, the households' travel behaviors can be described by six parameters' number of cars owned,' 'annual VKT of every car,' 'plan to buy a car or not,' 'plan to buy an ICEV or not,' 'plan to buy a HEV or not,' and 'plan to buy an EV or not,' while after joining EV carsharing, the households' travel behaviors change to be described by three parameters' number of cars owned,' 'annual VKT of every car,' and 'annual VKT of using EV carsharing.' Therefore, there are 12 travel behavior parameters such as the number of cars owned by families before EV carsharing (Nb) in the calculation model. Apart from those, there are also three energy consumption parameters and three emission parameter: gasoline consumption per 100 km of ICEVs (CICE), energy consumption per 100 km of HEVs (CHEV), electricity consumption per 100 km of EVs (CEV), life cycle emissions of ICEVs (GHGICE), life cycle emissions of HEVs (GHGHEV), and life cycle emissions of EVs (GHGEV). Before joining EV carsharing, driving private cars produces GHG emissions. Meanwhile, there are also potential emissions from purchasing ICEVs, HEVs, or EVs in the future. After joining EV carsharing, households abandon their purchasing plans, so the potential emissions are avoided in fact; however, driving remained private cars and using EV carsharing still bring about emissions. In particular, no-car families drive more due to EV carsharing, which is the increasing impact of EV carsharing on GHG emissions, whereas in contrast, the decreasing impact is in two aspects: First, the VKT of driving ICEVs declines; second, the potential emissions brought by purchasing plans are avoided. The total GHG emission impacts are the combination of increasing impact and decreasing impact. After acquiring the data of every household's travel behavior parameters by conducting questionnaire surveys or recording with instruments, the GHG emission impacts can be calculated with equations.


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    Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Carsharing in North America

    Martin, E. W. / Shaheen, S. A. | IEEE | 2011





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    Free access