Legal requirements regarding the qualification of the overall frontal 2nd seat row restraint system with ATDs do not exist at this point. However, consumer tests with respect to mass production rear occupant protection systems are already being planned or even executed and the results are or will be publicly available. The focused requirements - especially those that are being planned by Euro-NCAP for the 5th percentile female dummy by 2015 - do represent a serious challenge. Strategies for the adjustment of frontal restraint systems for the first row are widely established and can be seen as common practice throughout the industry. The methodology for the determination of the functional restraint system properties and their arrangement in the vehicle has evolved over the years. Sled tests with various occupant sizes have been conducted and analyzed. Based on these tests a numerical simulation model has been built and correlated for various crash modes. With the help of these two tools investigations have been started that highlight and evaluate the relevant restraint parameters and their impact on the occupant protection performance. Moreover, restraint components have been modified in order to assess their potential to enable a top rating under the current known consumer test conditions and rating schemes. A reduction of the mechanical loads applied to the dummy due to the use of pyrotechnical seat belt pretensioners and seat belt load limiters has been shown. Low force levels result in increased displacement of the occupant's head and thorax. A dummy contact with interior components or a higher contact velocity which results in increased injury risk needs to be taken into account. The potential of controlling the head kinematics with the seat belt alone without the addition of other restraint components is limited. A standard 3-point seat belt seems to be insufficient to secure top ratings for future consumer test programs. Additional inflatable devices for example the Takata Airbelt allow a further reduction of the occupant loads with comparable or even reduced occupant displacement. Moreover, adaptive seat belt components with selectable force levels are recommended since this technology allows reasonable trade-off between reduced occupant loads and controlled occupant displacement for various occupant sizes. Additional influencing factors for the occupant loads have been identified: the mechanical and geometrical properties of the seat ramp and the timing and intensity of the vehicle pitch need to be taken into account also.
Approach for advanced back seat passenger protection in frontal crashes
2012
13 Seiten, 13 Bilder, 3 Quellen
Conference paper
English
Fahrzeuginsassen-Sicherheitseinrichtung , Fahrgast , Prüfverfahren , menschenähnliche Puppe , numerische Simulation , numerische Modellierung , Insassensicherheit , Bewertung , Leistungsfähigkeit , mechanische Belastung , pyrotechnische Gurtstraffer , Gurtkraftbegrenzer , Bewegungsanalyse , Kopf (Körperteil) , menschlicher Rumpf , Verletzungsrisiko , Fahrzeugraum , adaptiver Airbag , aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt , mechanische Eigenschaft , mathematische Eigenschaft , Rücksitz
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