The increasing electrification of the drivetrain implicates the demand for an holistic evaluation of their primary energy consumption. While numerous studies already address the use phase of vehicles, this study focuses on the raw material extraction as well as on the manufacturing processes of all drivetrain components. The key outcome of this study is a detailed overview of the material composition and the corresponding energy demand for the material extraction and production phase of electrified drivetrains. In addition, strategic opportunities to reduce the future energy demand are discussed by focussing on the identified key parameters. Finally, all interim results for the individual material extraction phases and the manufacturing phase are aggregated on system level. A figure depicts the results and shows the comparison between the different drivetrains. Considering the total energy consumption, the significance of the material extraction phase becomes evident. In average 74 % of the energy is consumed during the first phase of the life cycle. Thus, the results of the overall calculation correlate with the results of the material extraction phase. A conventional ICE (internal combustion engine) uses around 19 GJ of primary energy in production, whereas the internal combustion engine and the exhaust system are the main energy consumers. PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) use significantly more energy with up to 27 GJ, where the battery system and the high-voltage wiring are the energy intensive components. This large difference of 8 GJ (+ 42 %) is an important factor when comparing drivetrain architectures over their entire life cycle. This amount of energy is comparable with approx. 250 litres of premium-grade gasoline. Only if the PHEV offers at minimum this energy saving potential over the use phase, it may be considered positively from an integral life cycle point of view. For the validation of the results, a short sensitivity analysis gives an impression of the effect when the most important factors and assumptions are varied. An increase of the power and energy density of the battery cells by 50 % leads to 11.6 % less consumption for the PHEV (80 km) and 20 % less for the BEV (battery electric vehicle). An increase of the power density of the electric machine would lead to approx. 10 % less consumption for the PHEV and BEV. If the recycling quota for each material, which does already have a recycling cycle, could be doubled and an average of 13 % less energy consumption for every dnvetrain configuration (ICE to BEV) is offered as primary energy saving potential.


    Access

    Access via TIB

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Energy demand assessment of electrified drivetrains in material extraction and system manufacturing


    Additional title:

    Energiebedarf-Bewertung elektrifizierter Antriebssysteme hinsichtlich der Werkstoffgewinnung und Systemfertigung


    Contributors:
    Ernst, C.S. (author) / Hans, M. (author) / Eckstein, L. (author)


    Publication date :

    2012


    Size :

    10 Seiten, 7 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 16 Quellen




    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




    Customer-oriented dimensioning of electrified drivetrains

    Eghtessad,M. / Kuecuekay,F. / Tech.Univ.Braunschweig,Inst.f.Fahrzeugtechnik,DE | Automotive engineering | 2011


    Customer oriented dimensioning of electrified drivetrains

    Eghtessard,M. / Kuecuekay,F. / Kassel,T. et al. | Automotive engineering | 2010



    Customer-oriented dimensioning of electrified drivetrains

    Eghtessad, Marjam / Kücükay, Ferit / Kassel, Tobias et al. | Tema Archive | 2010


    Customer-oriented Dimensioning of Electrified Drivetrains

    Eghtessad, M. / Kucukay, F. / Kassel, T. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2010