Commercial Electric Vehicles (EVs) could represent a large share of the electrification of the transportation sector, a step that has been identified as necessary to clean the air, reduce dependence on oil and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. However, making a good business case for commercial EVs is not straightforward. The economic benefits of EVs are especially difficult to materialize when vehicles do not displace enough fuel and do not accrue enough maintenance savings through driving and work site operations. We assessed the economic value of commercial EVs looking at simple payback period and net present value for different vehicle use profiles. We found that EVs make a good business case in class 4 urban driving application when driven more than 60 miles per day. In class 5/6 utility-work site applications on military bases, EVs need to displace at least 6 gallons of diesel per day for the investment to be worthwhile. We then looked at the potential for commercial EVs to be used in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) as a way to improve the business case when EVs are placed in low utilization applications. Our results show that V2G for frequency regulation can improve the business case for EVs in urban driving and utility-work site applications. Power charging levels need to be high enough to maximize vehicle battery usage (19.2 kW) and regulation market prices should be greater than 20 Dollar/MWh to increase V2G revenue. We conclude that using commercial EVs for V2G can improve the business case and help the adoption of commercial EVs.
Using commercial electric vehicles for vehicle-to-grid
EVS, Electric Vehicle Symposium, 26 ; 2819-2826
2012
8 Seiten, 7 Bilder, 7 Tabellen, 16 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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