This paper proposes an optimal energy management strategy for a range extended fuel cell city bus, which is powered by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system and a Li-ion battery system. Targeting at minimizing the daily operating cost, the strategy is deduced based on the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for a global optimized problem. The strategy is compared with several other strategies in simulating model, e.g. Charge Depleting and Charge Sustaining (CDCS) and two-stage linear blended strategies. The operating cost with the linear blended strategy is the lower than other two-stage linear blended strategies. The operating cost with the CDCS strategy is 1.3 % less than that of the linear blended strategy. The operating cost with the DP strategy is 10 % less than that of the linear blended strategy. The hydrogen cost occupies more than 95 % of the entire operating cost. To minimize the hydrogen consumption is the key to reduce the operating cost. With the DP strategy, the efficiency of fuel cell system is 58.7 %, compared to an average level of 53 % with other strategies. The battery efficiency influent the daily operating cost slightly. In order to apply the optimal strategy into a vehicle, the optimal State of Charge (SOC) trajectory curve is fitted with a nonlinear exponential formula. An iterative algorithm based on this formula is deduced, and can be applied to an embedded digital control unit.
Optimal Battery Discharging Strategy for a Range Extended Fuel Cell City Bus
2012
10 Seiten
Conference paper
English
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