The reduction in CO2 will be a major challenge for the society in the next decade. One of the biggest challenges will be to achieve the EU CO2 emissions limit goals of 95 g/km in 2020. This will require a 35 % reduction in CO2 emissions, based on the average value of new European registrations in 2009 (146 g/km CO2). In addition to combustion engine improvements, vehicle energy management offers a huge potential to reduce CO2 emissions through innovative electronic systems like smart components. Starting from an optimization approach of vehicle energy use, we have developed operating strategies that offer the possibility to optimize the energy usage of the entire system. Energy recuperation is the main element of the operating strategies, and the vehicle systems and components must be adapted accordingly. We assumed that combustion engines improvements will reduce CO2 emissions by about 20 % in 2020. The paper shows how an appropriate vehicle energy management process can provide the additional CO2 reductions needed to achieve the proposed EU limit of 95 g/km in 2020. For the system consideration, we defined a vehicle that has the average values of CO2 emissions and vehicle weight for EU27 in 2009. This vehicle is a compact car with a mass of 1337 kg, powered by a gasoline engine with CO2 emissions of 146 g/km. The simulation was carried out for the following driving cycles: 1. new European Driving Cycle (NEDC) with total distance approximately 11 km; 2. Common Artemis Driving Cycle (CADC) with total distance approximately 170 km; 3. combined cycle total distance approximately 42 km. The combined cycle represents the driving behaviour of an average German driver, and it includes city and country roads as CADC cycle components. In the simulation, the fuel consumption was determined using the following parameters: without recuperation; with recuperation (voltage levels: 14 V, 28 V and 48 V); maximum current during recuperation phase 250 A. In order to use off-the-shelf technologies and thus maintain the costs for the power net, the maximum current was limited to 250 A. The minimum power net wattage was 350 W, which corresponds to the power required to meet the electrical energy consumption requirement in NEDC. Since a typical real-world vehicle has additional electrical loads that are not required in NEDC (mainly comfort feature loads), fuel consumption was calculated using a power net wattage of 1250 W. In addition to this, the fuel consumption in the theoretical case was calculated such that the entire recuperated energy could be used as electrical energy.


    Access

    Access via TIB

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Union Pacific Fuel Management "The Holistic Approach"

    International Association of Railway Operating Officers | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1997


    Holistic Vehicle Energy Management - Moving Towards CAFE's Target

    Vikas, Athanasios / Lillie, Cathy / Benninger, Klaus et al. | SAE Technical Papers | 2011


    Holistic Vehicle Energy Management - Moving Towards CAFE's Target

    Eymann, T. / Williams, K. / Benninger, K. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2011


    Holistic vehicle energy management - moving towards CAFEs target

    Eymann,T. / Williams,K. / Benninger,K. et al. | Automotive engineering | 2011


    Holistic vehicle energy management - moving towards CAFEs target

    Eymann,T. / Williams,K. / Benninger,K. et al. | Automotive engineering | 2011