Efforts to develop gun propellants with low vulnerability have recently been focused on enhancing the energy with a further improvement in its sensitivity characteristics. These propellants not only prevent catastrophic disasters due to unplanned initiation of currently used gun propellants (based on nitrate esters) but also realise enhanced energy levels to increase the muzzle velocity of the projectiles. Now, in order to replace NG (nitroglycerine), which is highly sensitive to friction and impact, nitramines meet the requirements as they offer superior energy due to positive heat of formation, typical stoichiometry with higher decomposition temperatures and also owing to negative oxygen balance are less sensitive than stoichiometrically balanced NG. RDX (research department explosive, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) has been widely reported for use in LOVA propellant. In this paper we have made an effort to present the work on scantily reported nitramine HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, high-molecular-weight RDX) based LOVA (low vulnerability ammunition) gun propellant while incorporating energetic plasticiser glycidyl azide polymer to enhance the energy level. HMX is known to be thermally stable at higher temperature than RDX and also proved to be less vulnerable to small scale shaped charge jet attack as its decomposition temperature is 270 deg C. HMX also offers improved impulse due to its superior heat of formation (+17 kcal/mol) as compared to RDX (+14 kcal/mol). It has also been reported that a break point will not appear until 35,000 psi for propellant comprising of 5 micron HMX. Since no work has been reported in open literature regarding replacement of RDX by HMX, the present studies were carried out.


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    Title :

    HMX based enhanced energy LOVA gun propellant


    Contributors:

    Published in:

    Journal of Hazardous Materials ; 143 , 1-2 ; 532-534


    Publication date :

    2007


    Size :

    3 Seiten, 1 Bild, 6 Tabellen, 7 Quellen




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




    Navy LOVA propellant development

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    Convective ignition phenomena of LOVA propellants

    HSIEH, W. / KUO, K. | AIAA | 1990



    Low energy propellant development

    MARKOVITCH, I. / KRASON, M. | AIAA | 1980


    WHAT MAKES A HIGH ENERGY PROPELLANT?

    CLARK, JOHN D. | SAE Technical Papers | 1960