Active changes in wing shape have been used to improve the aerodynamics of several high speed aircraft concepts. This can be observed in the variable sweep wings of the F-14, B-l and the F-lll. These wings allow the aircraft to have good aerodynamics at multiple points in the flight envelope of the aircraft instead of optimal performance at one point and poor to acceptable aerodynamics at other points. Most noticeably swept wings reduces drag at higher Mach numbers, while long straight wings are better for performance at low speeds and generally increase the range and endurance of an aircraft. A two step optimization process is described to develop the distribution of materials and geometry for flexible skins. The skins are able to handle out-of-plane loads associated with aerodynamic loading while simultaneously allowing a wing substructure to undergo large structural deformations. This requires the skin to simultaneously have low in-plane stiffness and high bending stiffness. The first step involves determining the bulk material properties required from the skin and the geometry describing the attachment to the substructure. For this step, a 3- layer physical model is described that takes into account the structural mechanism, skin, and mechanism-skin connections in addition to aerodynamic loads. The optimization problem is developed using the Solid Isotropic Material Penalization method. Results from this step are the distribution of bulk material properties across a model wing structure. The next step assumes that the skin is a heterogeneous material. An optimization process is described based on a multiobjective function which minimizes the sum of the strain energy and mutual potential energy. An example is presented for a skin element subjected to deformation under shear loading as the wing is sweep in shear.


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    Title :

    Conceptual skin designs for morphing aircraft


    Additional title:

    Konzept für die Tragflächen-Aussenhaut für Flugzeuge mit veränderlicher Flügelgeometrie


    Contributors:


    Publication date :

    2005


    Size :

    7 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 5 Quellen



    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




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