Thanks to their combination of excellent fuel economy, low CO2 and high performance, diesel engines have gained increasing popularity in the European market. On the other hand, a substantial reduction of NO(x) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions is required. Toyota has developed a new 2.2 litre common rail diesel engine in two variants: the 2AD-FTV and 2AD-FHV engine. In this paper the clean power concept of the engines is described, analyzing the following issues: - low compression ratio, - high injection pressure, - piezo injector, - multi pilot, - DPNR system, - engine performance. The design concept of cylinder head, cylinder block, crankshaft and connecting-rod, valve train, intake and exhaust port, turbocharger and EGR system are discussed. A 2nd-order balance shaft was adopted to reduce booming noise. The vibration of the engine mount bracket was decreased due to improvements of the power plant stiffness with CAE. Cylinder block shape and engine covers are optimised to reduce engine noise. Multiple injections of the piezo injector reduce the combustion noise itself. To reduce engine friction, several countermeasures are implemented such as reduced ring tension by adopting an oil ring with only 2 mm thickness, using a triangular shaped knock pin to reduce crank journal offset, roller rocker arms and narrow high performance con-rod bearings.
The New Toyota L-4 Direct-injection Diesel engine - Toyota D-4D Clean Power Concept
Der neue Toyota 4-Zylinder Diesel Direkteinspritzmotor - das Toyota D-4D Clean Power Konzept
2005
14 Seiten, 42 Bilder, 1 Quelle
Conference paper
English
Abgasemission , Abgasrückführung , Abgasturbolader , Ansaugsystem , Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem , Dieselmotor , Direkteinspritzung , Einspritzdüse , Emissionsminderung , Fahrzeugmotor , Kurbelwelle , Lager (Maschinenelement) , Personenkraftwagen , piezoelektrischer Wandler , piezoelektrisches Bauelement , Pleuelstange , Ruß , Stickoxid , Zylinderblock , Zylinderkopf
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