Pressurized chemical reactors or storage vessels are often partly filled with liquid mixtures of reacting components. In case of an unexpected and uncontrolled exothermic reaction the temperature might increase. By this the pressure follows and would exceed a critical maximum value if there would be no mechanism to decrease the pressure and the temperature in a very short period of time. A sudden venting by the opening of a safety valve or a rupture disc causes a rapid vaporization of the reacting liquid mixture. A two-phase flow will pass the ventline. Since two-phase gas-liquid flows cause high pressure losses and give rise to limited mass flows leaving the reactor, single-phase gas flows are preferred. This is emphasized by a periodic venting mechanism of the pressurized vessel. Each time the two-phase flow from the bubbling-up liquid inside the vessel reaches a certain cross-section close the entrance of the ventline. The outlet-valve is closed. Inside the vessel the increasing pressure stops the two-phase flow and only single phase flow is leaving the vessel. The two-phase bubbly flow inside the vessel is detected by a tomographic measurement device during the venting process. Experimental results for local and time dependant phase void fractions as well as pressures are compared with those obtained by numerical calculations of the instationary bubble swarm behavior inside the vessel.
Two-Phase Flow in Liquid Filled Vessels during the Depressurization by Periodic Venting
ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, 4 ; 1627-1635
2003
9 Seiten, 23 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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