Vertical, aboveground atmospheric-pressure storage tanks are commonly used in processing facilities. Atmospheric tanks can be equipped with a fixed roof or a floating roof. A vertical, fixed-roof tank consists of a cylindrical metal shell with a permanently attached roof. Fixed-roof tanks are less expensive to construct than those with floating roofs, and are generally considered the minimum acceptable type for storing chemicals, organics and other liquids. There are two types of floating roof tanks: an external floating roof floats directly on the surface of the stored liquid. It has a seal system attached to the roof perimeter. Internal floating roof tanks have an inside floating deck and a fixed roof. These tanks are used where there can be heavy accumulations of snow or rainwater on the floating roof. Various factors play a role in the selection and design of a tank: process considerations, questions of the mechanical design, environmental requirements, and structural requirements. Other items to be considered are leak detection systems, corrosivity, cathodic protection, and secondary containment. A tank in operation must have means for the control of pressure, level and temperature. Typical upsets include overpressure, overflow, boil-over, over-temperature, water ingress, floating-roof failure, unexpected phase separation, lightning, static-charge build-up, steam coil failure and fires. Adequate monitoring can help to ensure safety during upsets and other incidents.
General rules for aboveground storage tank design and operation
Allgemeine Regeln für Entwurf und Betrieb von oberirdischen Speichertankanlagen
CEP - Chemical Engineering Progress ; 98 , 12 ; 54-58
2002
5 Seiten, 1 Bild, 2 Tabellen, 5 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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