Hydrogen is the ideal fuel for the future zero-emission vehicle. While storage in liquid or gaseous form imposes safety problems, metal hydrides are a safe alternative for H-storage and, in addition, have a higher volumetric energy density. Light metal hydrides have a high storage capacity by weight and are therefore favored for automotive applications. However, these hydrides have not been considered competitive because of their sluggish sorption kinetics in the range of several hours. In this report, the authors will compare sorption kinetics as well as storage capacities and temperatures of operation of different nanocrystalline Mg-based hydrides as well as Na2LiAlH6 prepared by high-energy milling. Sorption kinetics is drastically enhanced by the fine microstructure and catalyst additions. For Mg, absorption and desorption are possible within few minutes, and rates of more than 200 kW/kg and 26 kW/kg, respectively, have been achieved. Maximum reversible storage capacities of 6.8 wt.% for Mg and up to 3.5 wt.% for single-plateau alanates have been obtained. While 1 bar hydrogen pressure is reached at 300 deg C for Mg, Na2LiAlH6 provide a pressure of 3.8 bar already at 200 deg C. The results are discussed in view of a technical application.
Light metal hydrides for hydrogen storage in the zero-emission vehicle
Leichtmetallhydride zur Wasserstoffspeicherung im Null-Emissions-Fahrzeug
2001
8 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 19 Quellen
Conference paper
English
Brennstoffzelle , Elektrofahrzeug , Wasserstoffspeicherlegierung , intermetallische Verbindung , Absorptionsgeschwindigkeit , thermische Desorption , Energiedichte , Reaktionskinetik , Magnesiumhydrid , Magnesiumverbindung , Katalysator , Aluminiumlegierung , Natriumlegierung , Leichtmetalllegierung , nanokristalline Legierung
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