P&I clubs, as shipowners' organizations providing liability insurance for the same shipowners have a particularly vital role to play in exerting peer group pressure and raising standards of safety. Solutions are, however, never as simple as one might wish; this article explores the tensions and constraints within which P&I clubs operate, analyses where they are best equipped to support the Donaldson initiative and points out that there is an inherent conflict between liberal modern society and the desire for discipline on the high seas.
Safer ships, cleaner seas
Maritime Policy & Management ; 22 , 3 ; 209-213
1995-01-01
5 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
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