Even if the same two ships operate in the same encountering situation, the actual strategies and timing of operations may be different. Therefore, the fixed collision avoidance trajectory and ship movements are no longer suitable for simulating the real ship behaviour. This paper tries to develop an artificial intelligent system that fully sensitive to the local circumstances and command a ship in virtual environment. Based on AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, this study has developed artificial forces which help decision makings on-board independently under different situations and catching the stochastic nature of ship behaviours during collision avoidances manoeuvring. Actual ship tracks are helpful for ascertaining the parameters that contribute to artificial forces in collision avoidances, while the correlation coefficient analysis is helpful to distinguish the parameters. This study will help to develop a navigation traffic simulation to reflect the realistic ship behaviour and provide reliable information for port and waterway planning, risk analysis, and mitigation measures. The method can be used in developing algorithms for autonomous ships. The method introduced in this study lays a foundation for developing artificial forces at intersections or bends, although the model is only applicable in straight channels at the moment.


    Access

    Check access

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Artificial forces for virtual autonomous ships with encountering situations in restricted waters


    Contributors:
    Xiao, Fangliang (author) / Ma, Yong (author)

    Published in:

    Publication date :

    2020-07-03


    Size :

    16 pages




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    Unknown




    Communication in Encounter Situations of Autonomous and Non-autonomous Ships

    Pietrzykowski, Zbigniew / Wielgosz, Mirosław / Hatłas-Sowińska, Paulina et al. | Springer Verlag | 2024


    Adaptive path control of surface ships in restricted waters

    Parsons, Michael G. / Cuong, Hua Tu | TIBKAT | 1980


    An Electronical Aid for Manoeuvring Ships in Restricted Waters

    Muller, R. / Demuth, M. / International Federation of Automatic Control | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2002


    Adaptive Path Control of Surface Ships in Restricted Waters

    M. G. Parsons / H. T. Cuong | NTIS | 1980