India hosts many mass religious gatherings, pilgrimages, like Kumbh Mela, Sabarimala, etc. With increased mobility and willingness to travel, the host cities of such gatherings are under tremendous pressure to manage the influx of millions of people. Participants in these gatherings are emotionally driven and if their emotions get aggravated due to situational influences, it may lead to disrupted movements and chaotic situations. Inappropriate or poorly managed crowd control measures may promote risky situations rather than prevent them from mass gatherings. A renewed understanding of crowd behavior in mass religious gatherings is required. Therefore, this white paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the crowd management measures taken by the event organizers and formulate crowd management guidelines for mass religious gatherings. Formulation of crowd management guidelines has been done based on the results from the empirical studies and observations made in the field during the Kumbh Mela 2016 to manage crowds in the future mass religious gatherings.


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    Title :

    Crowd Management Guidelines for Mass Religious Gatherings


    Additional title:

    Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering




    Publication date :

    2022-03-24


    Size :

    15 pages





    Type of media :

    Article/Chapter (Book)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English