This study assesses the environmental impacts of various rocket propellants developed in Indonesia, including composite, double base, and liquid types. It focuses on their contributions to atmospheric pollution, climate change, ozone depletion, and surface environmental health. Our analysis reveals that current propellants developed in Indonesia, particularly composite types, generate considerably significant harmful emissions. Composite propellants produce high levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which are detrimental to air quality and can contribute to ozone depletion. While less harmful, liquid propellants still contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric pollution. LNG-based propellants show considerable promise as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Our findings indicate that LNG/LOX propellants produce significantly lower emissions of harmful substances. This reduction in emissions highlights LNG’s potential to mitigate the environmental footprint of rocket launches in Indonesia. By adopting LNG as a green propellant, Indonesia could leverage its natural gas resources to reduce its rocket programs’ adverse environmental impacts while fostering economic growth and technological advancement.
Environmental Impacts of Rocket Emissions: Case Study in Indonesia and Potential Solutions
Springer Proceedings Phys.
International Seminar on Aerospace Science and Technology ; 2024 ; Bali, Indonesia September 17, 2024 - September 17, 2024
Proceedings of the 10th International Seminar on Aerospace Science and Technology; ISAST 2024; 17 September, Bali, Indonesia ; Chapter : 51 ; 488-497
2025-02-15
10 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Rocket Emissions , Environmental Impacts , LNG propellant , Atmospheric Pollution , Climate Change Physics , Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics) , Aerospace Technology and Astronautics , Climate, general , Ecology , Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology , Measurement Science and Instrumentation , Physics and Astronomy
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