Abstract This chapter gives a brief account of the different microscopic techniques to observe and interpret the microstructures of metals and alloys. The whole range of techniques from optical, scanning electron and transmission electron to field ion microscopy techniques is covered. The basic principles of the different microscopes, the advantages and limitations of the variety of techniques, and interpretation of microstructural features are described. Since it would be difficult to include the details of all the techniques, the list of references contains important resources for additional details of all of the techniques described in this chapter.


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    Introduction: Introduction

    Zellweger, Andres G. / Donohue, George L. | AIAA | 2001


    Microstructure patterns

    BILINSKY HENRY CLAUDIUS | European Patent Office | 2020

    Free access

    Inviscid Hypersonic Flow Introduction: Introduction

    Riddell, Frederick R. | AIAA | 1962


    Flash microstructure

    Babu, Sudarsanam / Lolla, T. / Hanhold, B. et al. | TIB AV-Portal | 2013


    MICROSTRUCTURE PATTERNS

    BILINSKY HENRY CLAUDIUS | European Patent Office | 2018

    Free access