Traffic Flow Dynamics; Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; Part I Traffic Data; 2 Trajectory and Floating-Car Data; 2.1 Data Collection Methods; 2.2 Time-Space Diagrams; 3 Cross-Sectional Data; 3.1 Microscopic Measurement: Single-Vehicle Data; 3.2 Aggregated Data; 3.3 Estimating Spatial Quantities from Cross-Sectional Data; 3.3.1 Traffic Density; 3.3.2 Space Mean Speed; 3.4 Determining Speed from Single-Loop Detectors; 4 Representation of Cross-Sectional Data; 4.1 Time Series of Macroscopic Quantities; 4.2 Speed-Density Relation; 4.3 Distribution of Time Gaps; 4.4 Flow-Density Diagram4.5 Speed-Flow Diagram5 Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the Traffic State; 5.1 Spatiotemporal Interpolation; 5.2 Adaptive Smoothing Method; 5.2.1 Characteristic Propagation Velocities; 5.2.2 Nonlinear Adaptive Speed Filter; 5.2.3 Parameters; 5.2.4 Testing the Predictive Power: Validation; 5.2.5 Testing the Robustness: Sensitivity Analysis; 5.3 Data Fusion; 5.3.1 Model-Based Validation of a Data Fusion Procedure; 5.3.2 Weighting the Data Sources; Part II Traffic Flow Modeling; 6 General Aspects; 6.1 History and Scope of Traffic Flow Theory; 6.2 Model Classification; 6.2.1 Aggregation Level6.2.2 Mathematical Structure6.2.3 Other Criteria; 6.3 Non-Motorized Traffic; 7 Continuity Equation; 7.1 Traffic Density and Hydrodynamic Flow-Density Relation; 7.2 Continuity Equations for Several Road Profiles; 7.2.1 Homogeneous Road Section; 7.2.2 Sections with On- and Off-Ramps; 7.2.3 Changes in the Number of Lanes; 7.2.4 Discussion; 7.3 Continuity Equation from the Driver's Perspective; 7.4 Lagrangian Description; 8 The Lighthill--Whitham--Richards Model; 8.1 Model Equations; 8.2 Propagation of Density Variations; 8.3 Shock Waves; 8.3.1 Formation8.3.2 Derivation of the Propagation Velocity8.3.3 Vehicle Speed Versus Propagation Velocities; 8.4 Numerical Solution; 8.5 LWR Models with Triangular Fundamental Diagram; 8.5.1 Model Parameters; 8.5.2 Characteristic Properties; 8.5.3 Model Formulation with Measurable Quantities; 8.5.4 Relation to Car-Following Models; 8.5.5 Definition of Road Sections; 8.5.6 Modeling Bottlenecks; 8.5.7 Numerical Solution of the Cell-Transmission Model; 8.5.8 Solving the Section-Based Model; 8.5.9 Examples; 8.6 Diffusion and Burgers' Equation; 9 Macroscopic Models with Dynamic Velocity9.1 Macroscopic Acceleration Function9.2 Properties of the Acceleration Function; 9.2.1 Steady-State Flow; 9.2.2 Plausibility Conditions; 9.3 General Form of the Model Equations; 9.3.1 Local Speed Adaptation; 9.3.2 Nonlocal Anticipation; 9.3.3 Limiting Case of Zero Adaptation Time; 9.3.4 Pressure Term; 9.3.5 Diffusion Terms; 9.3.6 On- and Off-Ramp Terms; 9.4 Overview of Second-Order Models; 9.4.1 Payne's Model; 9.4.2 Kerner--Konhäuser Model; 9.4.3 Gas-Kinetic-Based Traffic Model; 9.5 Numerical Solution; 9.5.1 Overview; 9.5.2 Upwind and McCormack Scheme; 9.5.3 Approximating Nonlocalities9.5.4 Criteria for Selecting a Numerical Integration SchemeThis textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material


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    Title :

    Traffic flow dynamics : data, models and simulation



    Published in:

    Publication date :

    2013



    Type of media :

    Book


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English



    Classification :

    RVK:    ZO 4600
    DDC:    388.31 / 388.3/101531
    BKL:    74.75