Human exposure to vehicle exhaust during engine start-up can be encountered on a daily basis in parking lots, home garages, and vehicle stop/star traffic environment. This work is the first pilot study to characterize solid particle number and size distribution during engine start-up using various light-duty vehicles with different technology engines. A total of 84 vehicles were tested in this pilot study, consisting of post-2007 diesel engines equipped with high efficiency diesel particulate filters (DPFs) as well as modern gasoline port fuel injected (PFI) and gasoline direct injected (GDI) engines equipped with three-way-catalysts (TWCs). Particle concentration from DPF equipped diesel engines were found to be the lowest, while GDI and 8-cylinder PFI engines had the highest particle emissions. The average solid exhaust particle concentration observed with GDI engines during engine start-up was 12 × 106 part/cm3, this is a factor of more than 4000 higher than the ambient background concentration. A PN emissions index concept was developed to rank post 2010 model-year vehicles tested relative to a 4-cylinder diesel with DPF, used as the best available technology for low solid particle emissions. GDI engines had the highest PN indices, with up to a factor of 8000 higher for particles larger than 25 nm (Dp > 25 nm) and up to 900 times higher for particles smaller than 25 nm (DP < 25 nm).This study presents the differences seen in solid particle number emissions at engine start-up among the modern vehicle fleet. While all vehicles tested are expected to meet the respective emissions standard in the engine laboratory, there seems to be a drastic difference in their particle emissions performance in the real world under engine start-up. Lowering the PN emissions index from gasoline engines during engine start-up in future vehicles could be beneficial to the environment and the public as a whole. The priority should be on GDI engines followed by 8-cylinder PFI engines. High efficiency particle filters in engine exhaust such as diesel with DPF provides the best available technology for solid particle reduction, as shown in this work.


    Access

    Check access

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Solid Particle Emissions from Vehicle Exhaust during Engine Start-Up


    Additional title:

    Sae Int. J. Engines


    Contributors:

    Conference:

    SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition ; 2015


    Published in:

    Publication date :

    2015-04-14


    Size :

    11 pages




    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




    Solid Particle Emissions from Vehicle Exhaust during Engine Start-Up

    Badshah, Huzeifa / Khalck, Imad A. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2015


    Solid particle emissions from vehicle exhaust during engine start-up

    Badshah,H. / Khalek,I.A. / Southwest Res.Inst.,US | Automotive engineering | 2015


    Investigation of exhaust emissions from DI Diesel engine during cold and warm start

    Bielaczyc,P. / Merkisz,J. / Pielecha,J. et al. | Automotive engineering | 2001


    Investigation of Exhaust Emissions from DI Diesel Engine During Cold and Warm Start

    Pielecha, Jacek / Merkisz, Jerzy / Bielaczyc, Piotr | SAE Technical Papers | 2001


    EXHAUST HEATING SYSTEM TO REDUCE ENGINE COLD START EMISSIONS

    ZHANG XIAOGANG | European Patent Office | 2022

    Free access