21 low velocity direct occipital and lateral head impacts were performed on 17 cadavers. Both damped and undamped impacts were performed at impact velocities of between 2.8 and 6.1 m/s. Head responses were measured using a 9-accelerometer array, and in 8 cases epidural pressure was measured at the contre-coup site. Base of skull and temporal fractures of AIS severity 3 or 4 were produced with undamped impacts at velocities greater than 4.0 m/s. Brain injuries were also observed; these were subdural and sub-arachnoid haematomas of AIS severity 3 or 4. Only minor cervical spine injuries were observed.Head responses were calculated from the 9-accelerometer array data. Linear centre of gravity head acceleration, HIC and angular accelerations are presented. Angular acceleration time-histories calculated with this method appear to be sensitive to local skull deformations and shock wave transmission. At the contre-coup site in lateral impacts, negative epi-dural pressure pulses were measured.Clear relationships exist between MAIS head injury severity and the variables: impact force and velocity, resultant centre of gravity head acceleration, 3ms. head acceleration and HIC. Logistic regression analyses are presented. At resultant centre of gravity head accelerations greater than 200 g's., HICs > 800, and 3 ms values > 100 moderate severity head injuries (AIS = 3) can be expected.


    Access

    Check access

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Head and Neck Injury Resulting from Low Velocity Direct Impact


    Additional title:

    Sae Technical Papers


    Contributors:
    McIntosh, A. S. (author) / Kallieris, D. (author) / Miltner, E. (author) / Mattern, R. (author)

    Conference:

    Stapp Car Crash Conference ; 1993



    Publication date :

    1993-11-01




    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




    Head and neck injury resulting from low velocity direct impact

    McIntosh,A.S. / Kallieris,D. / Mattern,R. et al. | Automotive engineering | 1993


    Head and Neck Injury Resulting from Low Velocity Direct Impact

    McIntosh, A. S. / Kallieris, D. / Mattern, R. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1993


    Neck injury response to direct head impact

    Ivancic, Paul C. | Online Contents | 2013


    Neck injury response to direct head impact

    Ivancic, Paul C. | Elsevier | 2012


    Head and Neck Injury in Side Impacts

    Sparke, L. J. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1996