Energy security and climate change are two of the main drivers for development of sustainable and renewable transportation solutions. Entities around the globe have been working on strategic plans to reduce energy consumption and curb greenhouse gas emissions. In this context hydrogen is frequently mentioned as the fuel and energy carrier of the future. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) Program has identified hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles as an important mid-term technology on the path to a large-scale hydrogen economy. DOE has set challenging goals for hydrogen internal combustion engines including 45% peak brake thermal efficiency (BTE).This paper summarizes recent research engine test results employing hydrogen direct injection with different injection strategies. A dedicated research engine optimized for lean hydrogen operation with a compression ratio of 12.9:1 was built and fast-acting Piezo injectors are used for the test sequence. Turbocharged high-load conditions are analyzed at several engine speeds to provide a full spectrum of relevant engine results for achieving peak efficiencies. Three injector nozzle designs are experimentally tested for their ability to meet the 45% efficiency target and their implication on engine-out NOX emissions. Complimentary to experimental work 3-D CFD simulation is employed to analyze the mixture formation process and predict the ability of newly designed nozzles to provide favorable charge stratification.The result of this integrated approach is a combustion system that is capable of achieving high engine efficiencies while minimizing the NOX emissions penalty. Peak indicated efficiencies of 46-47% were reached at full load conditions translating into peak brake thermal efficiencies of approx. 45%. At the same time engine-out NOX emissions below 200 ppm could be maintained with certain operating conditions reaching NOX levels below 100 ppm.


    Access

    Check access

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Influence of injection strategy in a high-efficiency hydrogen direct injection engine


    Additional title:

    Sae Int. J. Fuels Lubr
    Sae International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants


    Contributors:

    Conference:

    SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting ; 2011



    Publication date :

    2011-08-30


    Size :

    12 pages




    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




    Injection Strategy for a Direct-injection SI Hydrogen Engine

    Mohammadi, A. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2006


    Effect of Injection Strategy on Hydrogen Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine

    Bae, Choongsik / Kim, Gyeonggon / Lee, Sanguk | SAE Technical Papers | 2021


    Direct-Injection Hydrogen SI-Engine - Operation Strategy and Power Density Potentials

    Schwarz, C. / Elsässer, G. / Rottengruber, H. et al. | SAE Technical Papers | 2004


    Direct-Injection Hydrogen SI-Engine - Operation Strategy and Power Density Potentials

    Rottengruber, H. / Berckmuller, M. / Elsasser, G. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2004


    Water Injection to Improve Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Efficiency

    Reveille, Benjamin / Servant, Cedric / Souidi, Faycal et al. | SAE Technical Papers | 2019