The inability to test planetary spacecraft in the flight environment prior to a mission requires engineers to rely on ground-based testing and models of the vehicle and expected environments. One of the most widely used engineering models of Venus’ atmosphere is the Venus Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Venus-GRAM).The Venus-GRAM upgrades are being developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA Langley Research Center.
Venus Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM) Upgrades
19th Meeting of the Venus Exploration Analysis Group (VEXAG) ; 2021 ; Virtual, US
Conference paper
No indication
English