This study supports the NASA Glenn Research Center and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in their efforts to evaluate the effect of water injection on aircraft engine performance and emissions. In this study, water is only injected during the takeoff and initial climb phase of a flight. There is no water injection during engine start or ground operations, nor during climb, cruise, descent, or landing. This study determined the maintenance benefit of water injection during takeoff and initial climb and evaluated the feasibility of retrofitting a current production engine, the PW4062 (Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT), with a water injection system. Predicted NO(x) emissions based on a 1:1 water-tofuel ratio are likely to be reduced between 30 to 60 percent in Environmental Protection Agency parameter (EPAP). The maintenance cost benefit for an idealized combustor water injection system installed on a PW4062 engine in a Boeing 747-400ER aircraft (The Boeing Company, Chicago, IL) is computed to be $22 per engine flight hour (EFH). Adding water injection as a retrofit kit would cost up to $375,000 per engine because of the required modifications to the fuel system and addition of the water supply system. There would also be significant nonrecurring costs associated with the development and certification of the system that may drive the system price beyond affordability.


    Access

    Access via TIB

    Check availability in my library


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Engine Company Evaluation of Feasibility of Aircraft Retrofit Water-Injected Turbomachines


    Contributors:

    Publication date :

    2006-04-01


    Type of media :

    Report


    Type of material :

    No indication


    Language :

    English




    FAA Aircraft Retrofit Feasibility Program

    Woodall, James F. | SAE Technical Papers | 1974


    912iS Fuel Injected Aircraft Engine

    Dutzler, Christoph / Dopona, Michael / Foxhall, Nigel | SAE Technical Papers | 2012


    RETROFIT AIRCRAFT AUTOTHROTTLE CONTROL FOR AIRCRAFT WITH ENGINE CONTROLLERS

    HEDRICK (DECEASED) GEOFFREY S M / ASKARPOUR SHAHRAM / ASKARPOUR MARKUS | European Patent Office | 2023

    Free access

    RETROFIT AIRCRAFT AUTOTHROTTLE CONTROL FOR AIRCRAFT WITH ENGINE CONTROLLERS

    ASKARPOUR SHAHRAM / KNOPF MARKUS / HEDRICK GEOFFREY | European Patent Office | 2023

    Free access

    Retrofit aircraft autothrottle control for aircraft with engine controllers

    HEDRICK GEOFFREY S M / ASKARPOUR SHAHRAM / KNOPF MARKUS | European Patent Office | 2024

    Free access