New developments in upper stages are discussed. Tables revealing the dimensions, engine types, total thrust, weight, payload, and sponsor for developed and planned upper stages compatible with Space Transportation System (STS) or expendable launch vehicles are presented. An example of STS delivery capability to the Space Station at various orbital altitudes is provided. The use of aerobraking as the propulsion strategy for reusable stages is investigated. Various methods of controlling spent stages and maintaining a fragment free space environment are described. Storable propellant transfer systems and handling techniques for cryogens are studied.
Beyond low earth orbit - An overview of orbit-to-orbit stages
1985-10-01
Conference paper
No indication
English
| Springer Verlag | 2005
Online Contents | 2004
Optimal Low-Earth-Orbit-Geostationary-Earth-Orbit Intermediate Acceleration Orbit Transfer
| Online Contents | 1997
Earth-to-orbit propellant transportation overview
| NTRS | 1984