This report describes a linear programming model which simultaneously calculates optimal patterns of power supply mix and vehicle mix. The model is used as an analytic tool to evaluate economic and environmental implications of alternative vehicles, namely, electric vehicles (EVs). Several simulation runs were conducted for the reference year 2010 with various sets of boundary conditions such as national carbon emission control targets, NOx emission control targets from vehicle transportation, nuclear power availability, and prospects for alternative vehicle technology R and D. The results obtained are summarized below: 1. The LP model developed in this study covers a power generation sector, a vehicle transportation sector and an 'other' energy consuming sector. This model demonstrates itself to be a useful tool for the evaluation of the impact of alternative vehicles' introduction in the Japanese energy system in terms of energy consumption, electric load leveling and gaseous emission control. 2. In order to reduce carbon emissions from the vehicle transportation sector, CNG (compressed Natural Gas) vehicles should be introduced as the highest priority, while EVs may be employed as the second alternative. Steady deployment of base-load supply such as nuclear power should be well managed in order to facilitate electric vehicle introduction. 3. In view of Japan's national carbon dioxide emission control in 2010, measures in the power sector will be primarily promoted, such as shift of generation mix towards less carbon intensive sources. Meanwhile, the contribution of alternative vehicle introduction will be marginal under the current conditions such as high unit prices of those vehicles. 4. EVs are potentially effective for NOx emission control. Although some other measures such as CNG vehicle introduction and replacement of diesel with gasoline vehicles may receive higher priority, the necessity of EVs will appear to prevail increasingly in the long-run.
Denki jidosha no donyu hyoka. CO2, NOx haishutsu yokusei oyobi dengen kosei eno eikyo. (Energy system analysis electric vehicles. Impacts on generation mix and emission control)
1995
33 pages
Report
No indication
English
Road Transportation , Environmental Studies , Air Pollution & Control , Air Pollution Control , Electric-Powered Vehicles , Power Generation , Automotive Industry , Carbon Dioxide , Compressed Gases , Diesel Engines , Electric Power Industry , Energy Models , Mixing , Natural Gas , Nitrogen Oxides , Spark Ignition Engines , Total Energy Systems , Transportation Sector , Vehicles , Foreign technology , EDB/330300 , EDB/290301 , EDB/240100