Undershoot accidents caused by pilot errors are among the most important types of landing accidents. Overshoot accidents occur much less frequently than undershoot accidents. Among the factors possibly causing such landing accidents may be: (1) reduced visibility caused by fog, (2) reduced visibility caused by veiling glare of fog, (3) presence of layers of smog, rain on the windshield, (4) misjudgement of distance with altitude, illusions of altitude accompanying changing intensity of illumination, (5) glare of lights, (6) illusions of altitude accompanying changes in the size of the runway, and (7) illusions of altitude accompanying inclination of the terrain surface. Even during instrument landing, there is danger of undershooting the runway if the pilot adopts an unnecessarily abrupt descent ratio without forming an accurate judgement of the altitude and distance. Output controls and steering must therefore be performed with great care. (Author)
Visual Problems Concerning Landing Accidents
1973
14 pages
Report
No indication
English
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