Pertinent fixed- and rotary-wing feasibility studies and handling-qualities research programs are reviewed and the effects of certain controller characteristics on handling qualities for specific rotorcraft flight tasks are summarized. In particular, the effects of the controller force-deflection relationship and the number of controlled axes that are integrated in a single controller are examined. Simulation studies conducted as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control Systems (ADOCS) program and flight research programs performed by the National Aeronautical Establishment of Canada provide a significant part of the available handling qualities data. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using a single, properly designed, limited-displacement, multi-axis controller for certain relatively routine flight tasks in a two-crew rotorcraft with nominal levels of stability and control augmentation with a high degree of reliability are incorporated, separated three- or two-axis controller configurations are required for acceptable handling qualities.


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