Traffic congestion in large cities is now recognized as a major problem throughout the world. A variety of different responses can be identified, including: (1) Do nothing - let traffic 'find its own level'; (2) Increase road capacity, either through new road construction, or more efficient use of existing road space; (3) Reduce the environmental impacts of car use through cleaner, quieter engines; (4) Encourage a shift from car to public transport; (5) Use of parking controls to limit car use; (6) Explicit restrictions on car use; (7) Regulate demand through road pricing; (8) Restrictions on car ownership; (9) Changes to land use, to encourage more even use of road space; (10) Encourage home working, use of telecommunications, etc, to reduce the need for travel. The paper briefly discusses each of these measures, and the contribution that they can make to alleviating urban traffic congestion.


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