A long-term research project on the efficiency of winter navigation in the Baltic was initiated by Helsinki University of Technology and Finnish Board of Navigation in 1990. The aim of the project is to define and study the factors affecting the ice navigation capability of merchant ships on the basis of full scale observations onboard ice navigating vessels. This report presents the results of the observation program in the winter of 1994. Observers took part on seven voyages onboard five vessels during the winter 1994. The winter in the Baltic was a normal one with the ice cover reaching at its maximum to the latitude 59 degrees N. This enabled the observers to take part in longer observation voyages: the longest voyage was 730 nm from Hamina to Oulu. Most of the other voyages were between Oulu/Kemi and Merenkurkku. Onboard the vessels the observers made notes on ice navigation practices, ice conditions, icebreaker assistance, etc. The position, speed, and course of the vessel were measured with a global positioning system (GPS) navigator and stored automatically to a PC memory every second.


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    Title :

    Observations on Ice Navigation Performance of Ships in the Baltic in Winter 1994


    Contributors:
    P. Lehtinen (author)

    Publication date :

    1994


    Size :

    94 pages



    Type of media :

    Report


    Type of material :

    No indication


    Language :

    English