The off-highway sector is under increasing pressure to reduce operating costs (including fuel costs) and to reduce emissions. These challenges could affect the broader, non-highway sector, which includes such sources as air (aircraft), water (e.g., inland marine), and rail (e.g., locomotives). In total, non-highway sources (excluding fuel transmission by pipeline) consumed 20.2% of the 26.8 Quads (quadrillion Btu) of energy used by the transportation sector (EIA 2001) in 1999. Distillate fuel (including diesel fuel) is the primary fuel used by the non-road market. Non-road markets consume about 33% of the distillate fuel (excluding home heating oil) (EIA 2000). Improved fuel quality needed for next-generation off-highway vehicles could impact the fuels supplied to the broader non-highway sector. Emissions from large off-highway diesel engines are significant. Large off-highway diesel equipment includes agricultural equipment (such as tractors), construction equipment (such as backhoes and bulldozers), material handling equipment (such as forklifts), and utility equipment (such as engine-driven generators and engine-driven pumps). According to 2000 estimates, large off-highway diesel engines contribute about 20% of NOx emissions and 36% of particulate matter (PM) emissions from all mobile sources (including cars, light trucks, and heavy trucks) (USEPA 2000). Within the off-highway sector, large diesels (excluding locomotive diesels) contribute 66% of NOx emissions and 70% of PM.
Off-Highway Vehicle Technology Roadmap
2001
106 pages
Report
No indication
English
Commercial Vehicle Technology Roadmap for Green Transportation
Springer Verlag | 2023
|Technology Roadmap: A Roadmap for Tesla
Springer Verlag | 2018
|Commercial Vehicle Technology Roadmap for Green Transportation
TIBKAT | 2023
|