The off-highway sector is under increasing pressure to reduce operating costs (including fuel costs) and to reduce emissions. These challenges could affect the broader, non-highway sector, which includes such sources as air (aircraft), water (e.g., inland marine), and rail (e.g., locomotives). In total, non-highway sources (excluding fuel transmission by pipeline) consumed 20.2% of the 26.8 Quads (quadrillion Btu) of energy used by the transportation sector (EIA 2001) in 1999. Distillate fuel (including diesel fuel) is the primary fuel used by the non-road market. Non-road markets consume about 33% of the distillate fuel (excluding home heating oil) (EIA 2000). Improved fuel quality needed for next-generation off-highway vehicles could impact the fuels supplied to the broader non-highway sector. Emissions from large off-highway diesel engines are significant. Large off-highway diesel equipment includes agricultural equipment (such as tractors), construction equipment (such as backhoes and bulldozers), material handling equipment (such as forklifts), and utility equipment (such as engine-driven generators and engine-driven pumps). According to 2000 estimates, large off-highway diesel engines contribute about 20% of NOx emissions and 36% of particulate matter (PM) emissions from all mobile sources (including cars, light trucks, and heavy trucks) (USEPA 2000). Within the off-highway sector, large diesels (excluding locomotive diesels) contribute 66% of NOx emissions and 70% of PM.


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    Title :

    Off-Highway Vehicle Technology Roadmap


    Publication date :

    2001


    Size :

    106 pages


    Type of media :

    Report


    Type of material :

    No indication


    Language :

    English






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