A comprehensive literature review, multi-state questionnaires, mathematical modeling, computer simulations, field testing and data correlations were used to establish tentative criteria relating to geometric and pavement surface texture and cross slope to minimize highway hydroplaning. The authors have covered in detail the empirical indications of hydroplaning as determined from interpretation of hard data developed with a spin down trailer in a hydroplaning trough, skid number trailers including drag link and torque and extensive tire and pavement testing under simulated rain. Precise measurements of surface drainage were examined and equations relating pavement texture and cross slope and rainfall density were developed. Random and patterned textures covering the complete range of real world pavements were included. Vehicle control as related to variation in cross slope was simulated. A summary of tentative criteria to reduce hydroplaning is presented along with recommendations for construction of flexible and rigid pavements to minimize hydroplaning.


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    Pavement and Geometric Design Criteria for Minimizing Hydroplaning

    B. M. Gallaway / D. L. Ivey / G. Hayes et al. | NTIS | 1979



    Transverse Pavement Grooving against Hydroplaning. II: Design

    Fwa, T. F. / Ong, G. P. | British Library Online Contents | 2006


    Runway Geometric Design Incorporating Hydroplaning Consideration

    Ong, G. P. / Fwa, T. F. | Transportation Research Record | 2009