HighlightsA comparative analysis of measurement approaches of safety outcomes in child pedestrian injury research.A VR pedestrian simulator was used to compare direct measurement of safety outcomes vs the typical approach of estimating outcomes (e.g., hits).The use of estimated outcomes produced measurement bias, overestimating hits/close calls and underestimating missed opportunities.Children may be more adept at crossing decisions than previously thought and in-road behavior requires much more attention in future research.
AbstractThere has been a great deal of research aimed at understanding the causes of child pedestrian injury. Many different methods have been employed with the goal of designing simulations that produce rigorous assessment of children’s behaviors without putting children at risk of actual pedestrian injury. Most research has assessed children’s pre-crossing decision making and extrapolated crossing outcome measures from estimates of mean walking speed. This study explores the nature and extent of measurement bias that is introduced when average walking speed is used to produce estimates of outcomes versus measuring actual in-road behavior directly. Using a within-subjects design and a fully immersive virtual reality pedestrian simulator, both measures were taken. Comparisons based on regression models revealed the extent of differences in results produced by measurement bias. Results indicated that measurement bias is produced when average walking speed is used such that hits and high risk crossings are overestimated and missed opportunities are underestimated, resulting in an overall overestimate of children’s risk for pedestrian injury. The discussion highlights how these two measurement approaches emphasize different underlying processes as determinants of child pedestrian injury risk.
Examining how different measurement approaches impact safety outcomes in child pedestrian research: Implications for research and prevention
Accident Analysis and Prevention ; 106 ; 297-304
2017-06-04
8 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Child pedestrian safety: realistic approach
Engineering Index Backfile | 1957
|Pedestrian, Child Restraints, and Motorcycle Safety
British Library Conference Proceedings | 1998
|Pedestrian Safety: The Role of Research
NTIS | 1977
|