Abstract Incursions of high-energy particles from space, specifically solar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays, have significant effects on the Earth, including disruption of the Earth’s magnetic field, generation of electric fields strong enough to damage electronic devices as well as the production of auroras at low-latitudes, within 45° of the magnetic equator. We examine the relationships among 14C production, auroral abundance, auroral color and sunspot abundance using existing data supplemented by a new dataset. The new dataset, based on Chinese and Korean records from A.D. 1100–1700, includes 46 new or revised records of sunspots and 279 records of low-latitude auroras. Low-latitude auroras are predominantly red (66%, 835 events) with lesser proportions of white (20%, 253 events) and black auroras (6%, 67 events). All other auroral colors (green, yellow, multicolored, blue and purple) aggregate to a total of 100 events (8%). Overall, white auroras are more frequent during times of higher 14C production. We use two empirical methods of evaluating the flux of high-energy particles: modeled peaks and lows in 14C production and peaks and lows in the 14C calibration curve. We find that comparison to modeled 14C production gives significant results. White auroras are significantly more abundant (98% probability) at times of high production of 14C. Red auroras are somewhat more abundant (88% probability) at times of low production of 14C. The abundances of black, multicolored, green, yellow, and blue auroras between times of low and high 14C production are not significantly different. Violet/purple auroras are significantly more abundant (98% probability) at times of low 14C production. The positive correlation of violet/purple auroras with times of low 14C production rate and the lack of correlation of blue auroras with times of high 14C production is surprising, for this portion of the visible spectrum contains strong emission lines and some lines with high energies of excitation. Observations of emissions in the blue to violet part of the spectrum may be biased towards time periods when the atmosphere is exceptionally clear, as these colors are more difficult for the human eye to perceive.


    Access

    Check access

    Check availability in my library

    Order at Subito €


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    New historical records and relationships among 14C production rates, abundance and color of low latitude auroras and sunspot abundance


    Contributors:

    Published in:

    Advances in Space Research ; 58 , 11 ; 2181-2246


    Publication date :

    2016-07-09


    Size :

    66 pages




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English







    Low latitude auroras prior to 1200 C.E. and Ezekiel's vision

    Silverman, S. M. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2006


    Auroras V8 powertrain

    Demmler,A. / Jost,K. / General Motors,Oldsmobile Div.,US | Automotive engineering | 1994