Highlights The hybrid fare scheme (HFS) consists of a fare-reward and a uniform fare scheme. We capture the heterogeneity in commuter’s arrival time flexibility interval. The optimal hybrid fare scheme can be achieved with multiple solutions. Individual trip costs reduction depends on the degree of the heterogeneity. All commuters are no worse off and the transit operator is revenue neutral.
Abstract A hybrid fare scheme (HFS) is proposed in this paper that combines a fare-reward scheme (H-FRS) and a non-rewarding uniform fare scheme (H-UFS) by considering the heterogeneity in transit commuters’ scheduling flexibility. It aims at reducing peak-hour congestion in the urban transit system with alternative options catering for various commuters. In the H-FRS, a commuter will be rewarded with a free ride during the periods preceding or following a given shoulder period after taking a certain number of paid rides during the central period in peak hours. In the H-UFS, a commuter needs to pay a different but uniform fare during peak hours. Commuters will have the opportunity to join either of the sub-schemes according to their scheduling flexibility of departure time choice. The hybrid fare scheme determines the free fare intervals, the rewarding ratio, and the new fares for the sub-schemes. Our results demonstrate that the proposed HFS is not only revenue-preserving but also Pareto-improving. Depending on the original fare, an optimally designed hybrid fare scheme can achieve a reduction in total time costs by at least 25% with the optimal free fare interval.
A Pareto-improving and revenue-neutral scheme to manage mass transit congestion with heterogeneous commuters
Tramsportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies ; 113 ; 245-259
2019-05-16
15 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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